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handed control to the Bolsheviks, who soon proclaimed a communist republic in Munich. It lasted only from 13 April to 1 May 1919, when General von Epp and his brave Munich men destroyed it. It ended after the Reds killed ten people they had taken hostage, including Countess Westarp and the elderly Professor Bayer, shooting them in the courtyard of the Luitpold secondary school as members of the Red Guard watched from the windows.

The advocates and leaders of this revolution are listed as Kurt Eisner, described as a Galician Jew who worked as a journalist until November 1918 and then took over the Bavarian ministry; Ernst Toller, described as a Polish Jewish journalist; Erich Muhsam; Gustav Landauer, described as a German Jew; Max Levien, described as a Russian Jew; and Tobias.

A powerful uprising occurred in Berlin in January 1919. Its alleged organizers were Jewish Communists such as Karl Liebknecht, Tibos and the Polish Jewish woman Rosa Luxemburg. The disturbances in the Ruhr were said to be headed by the Jews Epstein, Rubin, Hammer, Axel and Rosi Wolfstein.

A new kind of Jewish danger supposedly appeared at the same time in swindlers such as Barmat, Sklarek and Kutisker, who caused major financial scandals. Hitler's Germany brought many of these men--whose names Jewish newspapers had glorified and defended, while protesting their prosecution--before the courts.