Chronology of
antizionist executions
of יהודים YEHUDIM.

Close rope coils, a small stamp seen from the side, two blank manila envelopes, and worn linen against water-damaged plaster.
Symbolic collage for the chronology of antizionist executions of Jews. AI-generated illustration for TJD, 2026-09-22.

This chronology records confirmed executions in which the checked evidence expressly places alleged membership, speech, organization, or support connected to ציונות ẒIYONUT within the capital prosecution. Many of the same prosecutions also alleged espionage, sabotage, terrorism, or other offenses. Inclusion does not mean that ציונות ẒIYONUT was the only accusation, or that any accusation was true.

An NKVD directive dated on its face to 1937-12-28 ordered regional offices to arrest activists connected to ציונות ẒIYONUT. It is context for the Soviet cases below, not a chronology event, because it ordered arrests rather than executions.1

י״ז באדר ב׳ ה׳תרצ״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Adar II, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed לייב גודלבסקי LEIB GODLEVSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

י״ז באדר ב׳ ה׳תרצ״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Adar II, AM 5698: The NKVD executed לייב גודלבסקי LEIB GODLEVSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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ב׳ בניסן ה׳תרצ״ח 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed חיים אהרן גרינברג ḤAYIM AHARON GRINBERG after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

ב׳ בניסן ה׳תרצ״ח 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5698: The NKVD executed חיים אהרן גרינברג ḤAYIM AHARON GRINBERG after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ח בניסן ה׳תרצ״ח 28th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed שמואל מאזו ŜMUÉL MAZO after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ח בניסן ה׳תרצ״ח 28th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5698: The NKVD executed שמואל מאזו ŜMUÉL MAZO after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed מיכאל דניושבסקי MIḪ‎AʾEL DANYUSHEVSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed מיכאל דניושבסקי MIḪ‎AʾEL DANYUSHEVSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed שמואל ישראלביץ׳ ŜMUÉL IZRAILEVICH after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed שמואל ישראלביץ׳ ŜMUÉL IZRAILEVICH after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed בוריס אינגור BORIS INGOR after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed בוריס אינגור BORIS INGOR after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed דוד שולמן DAVID SHULMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ב באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed דוד שולמן DAVID SHULMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed לייב בוגוכבלוב LEIB BOGUKHVALOV after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed לייב בוגוכבלוב LEIB BOGUKHVALOV after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed מקס גולדשטיין MAX GOLDSTEIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed מקס גולדשטיין MAX GOLDSTEIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed וולף דבורקין VULF DVORKIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed וולף דבורקין VULF DVORKIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed יוסף יופה YOSEF IOFFE after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed יוסף יופה YOSEF IOFFE after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed לייב מטלין LEIB MATLIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed לייב מטלין LEIB MATLIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed מיכאל נויסיכין MIḪ‎AʾEL NEUSYKHIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed מיכאל נויסיכין MIḪ‎AʾEL NEUSYKHIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed ישראל ריאזנסקי YISRAʾEL RYAZANSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed ישראל ריאזנסקי YISRAʾEL RYAZANSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed נתן פרומרמן NATAN FRUMERMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed נתן פרומרמן NATAN FRUMERMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed שמעון חרון ŜIMʾON KHARON after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed שמעון חרון ŜIMʾON KHARON after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed נתן אסקין NATAN ESKIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ו באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed נתן אסקין NATAN ESKIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed יצחק בזארסקי YIẒḤAK BAZARSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed יצחק בזארסקי YIẒḤAK BAZARSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed יבסיי ז׳ולקובסקי EVSEI ZHOLKOVSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed יבסיי ז׳ולקובסקי EVSEI ZHOLKOVSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed חיים קזצקי ḤAYIM KAZATSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed חיים קזצקי ḤAYIM KAZATSKY after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed אהרן לויבמן AHARON LOIBMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ״ז באייר ה׳תרצ״ח 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5698: The NKVD executed אהרן לויבמן AHARON LOIBMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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ה׳ בסיון ה׳תרצ״ח 5th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed שמרל קסלמן SHMEREL KESELMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

ה׳ בסיון ה׳תרצ״ח 5th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5698: The NKVD executed שמרל קסלמן SHMEREL KESELMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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י״א בסיון ה׳תרצ״ח 11th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed יוסף סלמאן YOSEF SALMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

י״א בסיון ה׳תרצ״ח 11th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5698: The NKVD executed יוסף סלמאן YOSEF SALMAN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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ט״ו בסיון ה׳תרצ״ח 15th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed מיכאל בירשטיין MIḪ‎AʾEL BIRSHTEYN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

ט״ו בסיון ה׳תרצ״ח 15th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5698: The NKVD executed מיכאל בירשטיין MIḪ‎AʾEL BIRSHTEYN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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כ׳ באלול ה׳תרצ״ח 20th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5698Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The NKVD executed אלכסנדר חשין ALEXANDER KHASHIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

כ׳ באלול ה׳תרצ״ח 20th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5698: The NKVD executed אלכסנדר חשין ALEXANDER KHASHIN after a prosecution that expressly made alleged ties to ציונות ẒIYONUT part of a capital case.

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י״ב באייר ה׳תשל״ט 12th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5739Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The Islamic Revolutionary Court executed חביבאללה אלקאניאן ḪABIBALA ELGHANIAN after an indictment used support for מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL as incriminating evidence.

י״ב באייר ה׳תשל״ט 12th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5739: The Islamic Revolutionary Court executed חביבאללה אלקאניאן ḪABIBALA ELGHANIAN after an indictment used support for מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL as incriminating evidence.

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Footnotes

  1. J-DOC, telegram no. 83921. ↩