Chronology of the exodus
of
יהודים YEHUDIM
and the Arab Republic of Egypt.

The current state name in this title identifies the geographic scope. The chronology spans earlier governments, which are named in its divisions and in each companion’s structured location. Violence, detention, loss of work and property, restrictions on return and shrinking communal institutions narrowed the choices of יהודים YEHUDIM. Population counts remain part of that dated sequence.

Kingdom of Egypt

י״ד בניסן ה׳תרצ״ז 14th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5697Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A census counted 62,953 יהודים YEHUDIM in the Kingdom of Egypt, according to the national series reproduced by Dalachanis.

י״ד בניסן ה׳תרצ״ז 14th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5697: A census counted 62,953 יהודים YEHUDIM in the Kingdom of Egypt, according to the national series reproduced by Dalachanis.

כ״ו בחשוון ה׳תש״ו 26th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5706Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Rioters stoned families of יהודים YEHUDIM and burned a בית כנסת BEIT KʾNESET during antizionist demonstrations.

כ״ו בחשוון ה׳תש״ו 26th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5706: Rioters stoned families of יהודים YEHUDIM and burned a בית כנסת BEIT KʾNESET during antizionist demonstrations.

כ״ז בחשוון ה׳תש״ו 27th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5706Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Jew-hating attacks included looting shops of יהודים YEHUDIM in Mansura.

כ״ז בחשוון ה׳תש״ו 27th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5706: Jew-hating attacks included looting shops of יהודים YEHUDIM in Mansura. The prime minister condemned the renewed attacks, and authorities announced arrests.

כ״ז בשבט ה׳תש״ו 27th 𝑜𝑓 Ŝʾvat, AM 5706Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Prison sentences of one to three months were announced for looting during riots against יהודים YEHUDIM; a Cairo dispatch reported 107 convictions in one district.

כ״ז בשבט ה׳תש״ו 27th 𝑜𝑓 Ŝʾvat, AM 5706: Prison sentences of one to three months were announced for looting during riots against יהודים YEHUDIM; a Cairo dispatch reported 107 convictions in one district.

ה׳ בניסן ה׳תש״ז 5th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5707Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A census counted 65,639 יהודים YEHUDIM in the Kingdom of Egypt, according to the national series reproduced by Dalachanis.

ה׳ בניסן ה׳תש״ז 5th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5707: A census counted 65,639 יהודים YEHUDIM in the Kingdom of Egypt, according to the national series reproduced by Dalachanis.

י״ח באב ה׳תש״ז 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5707Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

National employment quotas reduced the jobs open to foreign and stateless residents.

י״ח באב ה׳תש״ז 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5707: National employment quotas reduced the jobs open to foreign and stateless residents. Many יהודים YEHUDIM lacked recognized citizenship, including people born in the country.

ו׳ באייר ה׳תש״ח 6th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

An official announced roughly 400 arrests on accusations of communism and ציונות ẒIYONUT.

ו׳ באייר ה׳תש״ח 6th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5708: An official announced roughly 400 arrests on accusations of communism and ציונות ẒIYONUT. The figure is not a count of 400 detained יהודים YEHUDIM.

י״ג בסיון ה׳תש״ח 13th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A bombing killed residents in the קראים KARAʾIM quarter.

י״ג בסיון ה׳תש״ח 13th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5708: A bombing killed residents in the קראים KARAʾIM quarter. Beinin records 22 dead and 41 wounded; Anderson gives 20 dead.

Stonings at Huckstep, 5708 AMPrecision: source-label · Basis: not-assessed

Stonings at Huckstep, 5708 AM

Stonings at Huckstep, 5708 AM: Army trainees stoned imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM at Huckstep, according to testimony recorded by Isenbergh the following year.

י״ב בתמוז ה׳תש״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Bombings struck the Cicurel and Oreco department stores, as dated in Beinin’s account.

י״ב בתמוז ה׳תש״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5708: Bombings struck the Cicurel and Oreco department stores, as dated in Beinin’s account.

כ״א בתמוז ה׳תש״ח 21st 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A bombing struck the Adès department store, as dated in Beinin’s account.

כ״א בתמוז ה׳תש״ח 21st 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5708: A bombing struck the Adès department store, as dated in Beinin’s account.

כ״ה בתמוז ה׳תש״ח 25th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A bombing struck the Gattegno department store, as dated in Beinin’s account.

כ״ה בתמוז ה׳תש״ח 25th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5708: A bombing struck the Gattegno department store, as dated in Beinin’s account.

י״ח באלול ה׳תש״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A bombing struck another quarter of יהודים YEHUDIM.

י״ח באלול ה׳תש״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5708: A bombing struck another quarter of יהודים YEHUDIM. Beinin records 19 killed and 62 wounded.

י׳ בחשוון ה׳תש״ט 10th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5709Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A bomb destroyed the Société Orientale de Publicité publishing and advertising firm, according to Beinin.

י׳ בחשוון ה׳תש״ט 10th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5709: A bomb destroyed the Société Orientale de Publicité publishing and advertising firm, according to Beinin.

כ״ח בטבת ה׳תש״ט 28th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5709Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Fifty imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM were transferred from Huckstep to El Tor, according to Isenbergh’s witness; seven reportedly returned.

כ״ח בטבת ה׳תש״ט 28th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5709: Fifty imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM were transferred from Huckstep to El Tor, according to Isenbergh’s witness; seven reportedly returned.

י״ט באייר ה׳תש״ט 19th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5709Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A former prisoner reported surrendering residence rights and promising never to return as conditions of release.

י״ט באייר ה׳תש״ט 19th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5709: A former prisoner reported surrendering residence rights and promising never to return as conditions of release. His estimate of 10,000 departures in the preceding year was not a census.

כ״ח בטבת ה׳תשי״ב 28th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5712Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The Cairo fire destroyed a school and commercial property of יהודים YEHUDIM, including the Cicurel department store.

כ״ח בטבת ה׳תשי״ב 28th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5712: The Cairo fire destroyed a school and commercial property of יהודים YEHUDIM, including the Cicurel department store.

Republic of Egypt

ה׳ בתמוז ה׳תשי״ג 5th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5713Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The Republic of Egypt was proclaimed, ending the monarchy.

ה׳ בתמוז ה׳תשי״ג 5th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5713: The Republic of Egypt was proclaimed, ending the monarchy. FRUS and SIS support June 18; a later US background note gives June 19.

כ״ז בחשוון ה׳תשי״ז 27th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5717Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Military Proclamation No.

כ״ז בחשוון ה׳תשי״ז 27th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5717: Military Proclamation No. 4 placed property of people under internment or surveillance under state management, according to the text reproduced by the AJC.

ט״ז בכסלו ה׳תשי״ז 16th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5717Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Nationality Law No.

ט״ז בכסלו ה׳תשי״ז 16th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5717: Nationality Law No. 391 excluded ציונים ẒIYONIM from recognition under Article 1 and allowed individual deprivation under Article 18(g). Separate provisions addressed permanent departure and accompanying family members.

כ״ט בטבת ה׳תשי״ז 29th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5717Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The Red Cross evacuated nearly 1,000 stateless יהודים YEHUDIM, including about 100 children, from Alexandria aboard the Misr, according to the ICRC’s voyage report.

כ״ט בטבת ה׳תשי״ז 29th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5717: The Red Cross evacuated nearly 1,000 stateless יהודים YEHUDIM, including about 100 children, from Alexandria aboard the Misr, according to the ICRC’s voyage report.

י״ט בשבט ה׳תשי״ז 19th 𝑜𝑓 Ŝʾvat, AM 5717Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Stateless יהודים YEHUDIM sailed aboard the Misr after losing jobs and customers, including people without individual expulsion orders.

י״ט בשבט ה׳תשי״ז 19th 𝑜𝑓 Ŝʾvat, AM 5717: Stateless יהודים YEHUDIM sailed aboard the Misr after losing jobs and customers, including people without individual expulsion orders. The ICRC reports almost 800 passengers; Caruthers reports nearly 1,000.

United Arab Republic

Departure requirements, 5718 AMPrecision: source-label · Basis: not-assessed

Departure requirements, 5718 AM

Departure requirements, 5718 AM: Departure requirements included a 250-pound guarantee per person and tax clearance, according to Laskier; restrictions also limited use of community assets.

Schooling checkpoint, 5719 through 5720 AMPrecision: source-label · Basis: not-assessed

Schooling checkpoint, 5719 through 5720 AM

Schooling checkpoint, 5719 through 5720 AM: Only two schools serving יהודים YEHUDIM remained open in 1959, according to Laskier. The separate Sybil figures and the date of his cited report require further comparison.

כ״ח באלול ה׳תש״כ 28th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5720Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A census counted 8,561 יהודים YEHUDIM in the southern region of the United Arab Republic, according to the series reproduced by Dalachanis.

כ״ח באלול ה׳תש״כ 28th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5720: A census counted 8,561 יהודים YEHUDIM in the southern region of the United Arab Republic, according to the series reproduced by Dalachanis. This covers the same territory as the earlier counts, not both regions of the union.

Council surveillance, 5720 through 5721 AMPrecision: source-label · Basis: not-assessed

Council surveillance, 5720 through 5721 AM

Council surveillance, 5720 through 5721 AM: Security officials required police attendance, advance notice and minutes for meetings of the community council of יהודים YEHUDIM, according to Laskier.

ז׳ באב ה׳תשכ״א 7th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5721Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The United Arab Republic nationalized banks, insurers and listed enterprises in both regions, with compensation through government bonds.

ז׳ באב ה׳תשכ״א 7th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5721: The United Arab Republic nationalized banks, insurers and listed enterprises in both regions, with compensation through government bonds. The law did not single out יהודים YEHUDIM.

ה׳ באדר ה׳תשכ״ג 5th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5723Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

An aid-agency caseload recorded 1,284 people planning to leave, including 635 seeking the United States, as cited by Laskier.

ה׳ באדר ה׳תשכ״ג 5th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5723: An aid-agency caseload recorded 1,284 people planning to leave, including 635 seeking the United States, as cited by Laskier. These were prospective migrants, not completed departures.

כ״ז באייר ה׳תשכ״ז 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5727Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Marc Khedr and his father were arrested at about 2 a.m., according to his testimony.

כ״ז באייר ה׳תשכ״ז 27th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5727: Marc Khedr and his father were arrested at about 2 a.m., according to his testimony. He described abuse in detention and a direct transfer to departure in 1970.

ב׳ באלול ה׳תשכ״ח 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5728Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

HIAS disputed a claim that all imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM had been released and estimated that about 250 remained at Tora, according to JTA.

ב׳ באלול ה׳תשכ״ח 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5728: HIAS disputed a claim that all imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM had been released and estimated that about 250 remained at Tora, according to JTA.

ז׳ באייר ה׳תש״ל 7th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5730Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A diplomatic letter linked release of imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM to renunciation of nationality and a promise not to return, as cited by Mualem.

ז׳ באייר ה׳תש״ל 7th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5730: A diplomatic letter linked release of imprisoned יהודים YEHUDIM to renunciation of nationality and a promise not to return, as cited by Mualem.

Arab Republic of Egypt

י״א בחשוון ה׳תשל״ג 11th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5733Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A news report announced former chief rabbi Chaim Douek’s arrival in the United States after leaving the Arab Republic of Egypt earlier that year and staying in Paris.

י״א בחשוון ה׳תשל״ג 11th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5733: A news report announced former chief rabbi Chaim Douek’s arrival in the United States after leaving the Arab Republic of Egypt earlier that year and staying in Paris.

א׳ בתשרי ה׳תשל״ה 1st 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5735Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Rubin’s report was received in New York.

א׳ בתשרי ה׳תשל״ה 1st 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5735: Rubin’s report was received in New York. Her August Cairo dispatch described about 500 יהודים YEHUDIM remaining nationally, alongside continued worship, community income, aging and dependence on aid. Rubin also reported that travel restrictions had eased.

ט׳ בתשרי ה׳תשע״ו 9th 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5776Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Reportage described a small, aging Cairo congregation and Magda Haroun’s work to preserve communal memory.

ט׳ בתשרי ה׳תשע״ו 9th 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5776: Reportage described a small, aging Cairo congregation and Magda Haroun’s work to preserve communal memory. This is a local account from 2015.

ו׳ בתמוז ה׳תשע״ט 6th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5779Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A death report counted five known יהודים YEHUDIM remaining in Cairo after Marcelle Haroun’s death, citing Watani.

ו׳ בתמוז ה׳תשע״ט 6th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5779: A death report counted five known יהודים YEHUDIM remaining in Cairo after Marcelle Haroun’s death, citing Watani. The count is local and belongs to this report’s date.