יהודים YEHUDIM left the Syrian Republic and later the Syrian Arab Republic over many decades. Attacks and restrictions made their work, family life, and safety less secure. Travel controls also stopped families from leaving together. Families among יהודים YEHUDIM, communal leaders, and rescue groups organized ways out. The largest final departure followed the opening of family travel in AM 5752, renewed barriers, and a further issue of exit visas in AM 5754.
Violence and routes out
כ״ד באייר ה׳תרצ״ב 24th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5692Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
JTA reported renewed attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM in Damascus and fifteen arrests.
כ״ד באייר ה׳תרצ״ב 24th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5692: JTA reported renewed attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM in Damascus and fifteen arrests. The attack day is unknown.
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AM 5705-5706Precision: range · Basis: not-assessed
Organized עלייה ALIYA of children among יהודים YEHUDIM from the Syrian Republic.
AM 5705-5706: Organized עלייה ALIYA of children among יהודים YEHUDIM from the Syrian Republic. A surviving notebook, known through a later account, dates recorded arrivals from 20 Iyar 5705 through 21 Tevet 5706. The complete operation range remains unresolved.
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AM 5705Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed
Murder of ז׳אק פרנקו JACQUES FRANCO.
AM 5705: Murder of ז׳אק פרנקו JACQUES FRANCO. A contemporary Arabic report says that a crowd in Damascus beat, robbed, stripped, and shot the educator after a man denounced him as a spy. His sixteen-year-old son witnessed the murder. The evidence does not support an Ivrit month or day.
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י״ג בכסלו ה׳תש״ו 13th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5706Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
A June 1947 Jewish Agency memorandum dates an attack on בית הכנסת הגדול BEIT HAʾKĔʾNESET HAʾGADOL (the Great Synagogue) in Aleppo to this day.
י״ג בכסלו ה׳תש״ו 13th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5706: A June 1947 Jewish Agency memorandum dates an attack on בית הכנסת הגדול BEIT HAʾKĔʾNESET HAʾGADOL (the Great Synagogue) in Aleppo to this day.
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י״ח בכסלו ה׳תש״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Aleppo pogrom began during the day, devastated the quarter of יהודים YEHUDIM and its institutions, and continued into 19 Kislev.
י״ח בכסלו ה׳תש״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5708: The Aleppo pogrom began during the day, devastated the quarter of יהודים YEHUDIM and its institutions, and continued into 19 Kislev.
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אב ה׳תש״ט Av, AM 5709Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
A bomb killed worshippers at a בית כנסת BEIT KʾNESET (synagogue) in Damascus.
אב ה׳תש״ט Av, AM 5709: A bomb killed worshippers at a בית כנסת BEIT KʾNESET (synagogue) in Damascus. Contemporary reports and later histories disagree on the day and death count.
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י״ב בניסן ה׳תשי״ד 12th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5714Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
JTA reported that twenty-one emigrants from the Syrian Republic had reached Turkey on their way to מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL.
י״ב בניסן ה׳תשי״ד 12th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5714: JTA reported that twenty-one emigrants from the Syrian Republic had reached Turkey on their way to מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL. This is the report date, not a proven arrival date.
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י״ז באדר ה׳תשל״ד 17th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5734Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
JTA reported the deaths of four women among יהודים YEHUDIM who had tried to escape.
י״ז באדר ה׳תשל״ד 17th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5734: JTA reported the deaths of four women among יהודים YEHUDIM who had tried to escape. Later reporting identified Eva Saad and sisters Toni Zeybak, Laura Zeybak, and Farah Zeybak. Their murder day and the place where the bodies were found remain unsettled.
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כ״ח באדר ה׳תשל״ד 28th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5734Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
יהודים YEHUDIM protested murders and travel bans under the Syrian Arab Republic.
כ״ח באדר ה׳תשל״ד 28th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5734: יהודים YEHUDIM protested murders and travel bans under the Syrian Arab Republic.
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ד׳ באב ה׳תשל״ז 4th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5737Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Twelve women among יהודים YEHUDIM married Brooklyn men by proxy in Damascus under a negotiated exception that opened a route out.
ד׳ באב ה׳תשל״ז 4th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5737: Twelve women among יהודים YEHUDIM married Brooklyn men by proxy in Damascus under a negotiated exception that opened a route out.
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כ״ב בטבת ה׳תשמ״ד 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5744Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Murder of ליליאן עבאדי LILLIAN ABADI and her children.
כ״ב בטבת ה׳תשמ״ד 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5744: Murder of ליליאן עבאדי LILLIAN ABADI and her children. The account reviewed so far calls the crime unsolved.
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Exit controls and the final departure
י״ט באדר ה׳תשנ״א 19th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5751Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Syrian Arab Republic tried אלי סוויד ELI SWED and סלים סוויד SELIM SWED in a closed hearing.
י״ט באדר ה׳תשנ״א 19th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5751: The Syrian Arab Republic tried אלי סוויד ELI SWED and סלים סוויד SELIM SWED in a closed hearing. Amnesty International later covered the case internationally.
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כ״א בכסלו ה׳תשנ״ב 21st 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5752Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Syrian Arab Republic released four יהודים YEHUDIM detained for attempted family departures.
כ״א בכסלו ה׳תשנ״ב 21st 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5752: The Syrian Arab Republic released four יהודים YEHUDIM detained for attempted family departures.
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כ״ד בניסן ה׳תשנ״ב 24th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5752Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Syrian Arab Republic allowed יהודים YEHUDIM to travel as families.
כ״ד בניסן ה׳תשנ״ב 24th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5752: The Syrian Arab Republic allowed יהודים YEHUDIM to travel as families. The original order date remains unknown.
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ה׳ באייר ה׳תשנ״ב 5th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5752Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Communal organizations met at the offices of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee to coordinate departures of יהודים YEHUDIM from the Syrian Arab Republic.
ה׳ באייר ה׳תשנ״ב 5th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5752: Communal organizations met at the offices of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee to coordinate departures of יהודים YEHUDIM from the Syrian Arab Republic.
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AM 5753Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed
The Syrian Arab Republic reimposed travel limits on יהודים YEHUDIM.
AM 5753: The Syrian Arab Republic reimposed travel limits on יהודים YEHUDIM. Human Rights Watch later recorded that whole families again faced permit barriers and that about 1,100 to 1,200 people remained.
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י״ז בטבת ה׳תשנ״ד 17th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5754Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Reuters reported that hundreds of new exit visas had been issued.
י״ז בטבת ה׳תשנ״ד 17th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5754: Reuters reported that hundreds of new exit visas had been issued. Chief rabbi Ibrahim Hamra said that a visa did not mean every recipient would leave.
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י״ד באדר ה׳תשנ״ד 14th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5754Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Reuters reported deputy chief rabbi Yousuf Khalil Jajati's statement that all remaining community members had exit visas.
י״ד באדר ה׳תשנ״ד 14th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5754: Reuters reported deputy chief rabbi Yousuf Khalil Jajati's statement that all remaining community members had exit visas. A visa was not a completed departure.
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י״ג בחשוון ה׳תשנ״ה 13th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5755Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
JTA reported that about 3,800 יהודים YEHUDIM had left the Syrian Arab Republic since the travel opening, while about 230 remained.
י״ג בחשוון ה׳תשנ״ה 13th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5755: JTA reported that about 3,800 יהודים YEHUDIM had left the Syrian Arab Republic since the travel opening, while about 230 remained. Chief rabbi Avraham Hamra was going to מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL, as many others had after arriving in New York.
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