Chronology of the exodus
of
תימנים TEIMANIM

This chronology follows the departure of יהודים YEHUDIM across different governments and distinct routes. It separates attacks, restrictions, efforts to escape, communal rescue, permission to depart and later reports about those acts. Departure from a place was not always an expulsion order, and official permission did not make every journey free of coercion.

Earlier violence and departure

The raid in AM 5578 is a precursor, not a claim that the later airlift began with that attack. The departure in AM 5641 belongs to the Turkish Empire period.

ניסן ה׳תקע״ח Nisan, AM 5578Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

Bakil forces raided יהודים YEHUDIM during פסח PESAḤ.

ניסן ה׳תקע״ח Nisan, AM 5578: Bakil forces raided יהודים YEHUDIM during פסח PESAḤ.

AM 5641Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

Families of יהודים YEHUDIM departed for ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL before the twentieth-century airlift.

AM 5641: Families of יהודים YEHUDIM departed for ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL before the twentieth-century airlift.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

Imam Yahya renewed forced conversion of orphaned יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolved: Imam Yahya renewed forced conversion of orphaned יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

Officials seized an orphaned יהודיה YEHUDIA during her wedding.

Date unresolved: Officials seized an orphaned יהודיה YEHUDIA during her wedding.

טבת ה׳תרפ״ג Tevet, AM 5683Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

A communal court reported forty-two children seized for forced conversion.

טבת ה׳תרפ״ג Tevet, AM 5683: A communal court reported forty-two children seized for forced conversion.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

British administrative report: unequal courts and restrictions on emigrants' property.

Date unresolved: British administrative report: unequal courts and restrictions on emigrants' property.

אייר ה׳תרצ״ב Iyar, AM 5692Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

Rioting against יהודים YEHUDIM.

אייר ה׳תרצ״ב Iyar, AM 5692: Rioting against יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

The imam's officials found a hidden orphaned יהודיה YEHUDIA and forced her to convert.

Date unresolved: The imam's officials found a hidden orphaned יהודיה YEHUDIA and forced her to convert.

Refugees stranded near Aden

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

Thousands of יהודים YEHUDIM were stranded when עלייה ALIYA was interrupted.

Date unresolved: Thousands of יהודים YEHUDIM were stranded when עלייה ALIYA was interrupted.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

English Empire authorities pressured fleeing יהודים YEHUDIM to return instead.

Date unresolved: English Empire authorities pressured fleeing יהודים YEHUDIM to return instead.

The Aden pogrom and its aftermath

כסלו ה׳תש״ח Kislev, AM 5708Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

Property attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM.

כסלו ה׳תש״ח Kislev, AM 5708: Property attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM.

כסלו ה׳תש״ח Kislev, AM 5708Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

Evacuation of יהודים YEHUDIM to a secure camp; fourteen who remained were killed.

כסלו ה׳תש״ח Kislev, AM 5708: Evacuation of יהודים YEHUDIM to a secure camp; fourteen who remained were killed.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

Soldiers fired at יהודים YEHUDIM during the pogrom.

Date unresolved: Soldiers fired at יהודים YEHUDIM during the pogrom.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

A refugee awaiting עלייה ALIYA was killed during attacks on schools.

Date unresolved: A refugee awaiting עלייה ALIYA was killed during attacks on schools.

כ״ב בכסלו ה׳תש״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

English Empire reinforcements arrived after days of violence against יהודים YEHUDIM.

כ״ב בכסלו ה׳תש״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5708: English Empire reinforcements arrived after days of violence against יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

עובדיה טוביה OVADʾYA TUVYA reported the collection and burial of pogrom victims.

Date unresolved: עובדיה טוביה OVADʾYA TUVYA reported the collection and burial of pogrom victims.

Succession violence and the search for escape

ז׳ באדר א׳ ה׳תש״ח 7th 𝑜𝑓 Adar I, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Assassination of Imam Yahya, whose personal protection many יהודים YEHUDIM relied on.

ז׳ באדר א׳ ה׳תש״ח 7th 𝑜𝑓 Adar I, AM 5708: Assassination of Imam Yahya, whose personal protection many יהודים YEHUDIM relied on.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

Forces loyal to Imam Yahya's son Ahmad attacked homes and synagogues of יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolved: Forces loyal to Imam Yahya's son Ahmad attacked homes and synagogues of יהודים YEHUDIM.

אדר ב׳ ה׳תש״ח Adar II, AM 5708Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

Imam Yahya's son Ahmad retook Sana'a; his forces looted homes of יהודים YEHUDIM.

אדר ב׳ ה׳תש״ח Adar II, AM 5708: Imam Yahya's son Ahmad retook Sana'a; his forces looted homes of יהודים YEHUDIM.

AM 5708Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

The police commissioner threatened to withdraw protection from יהודים YEHUDIM over teaching ציונות ẒIYONUT.

AM 5708: The police commissioner threatened to withdraw protection from יהודים YEHUDIM over teaching ציונות ẒIYONUT.

י״ז באלול ה׳תש״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5708Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The English Empire's colonial secretary accepted criticism of the Aden Protectorate Levies.

י״ז באלול ה׳תש״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5708: The English Empire's colonial secretary accepted criticism of the Aden Protectorate Levies.

The airlift, border restrictions and camp policy

י״ב בכסלו ה׳תש״ט 12th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5709Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The first phase evacuated refugees already stranded near Aden; beginning-date accounts differ.

י״ב בכסלו ה׳תש״ט 12th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5709: The first phase evacuated refugees already stranded near Aden; beginning-date accounts differ.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

A murder accusation led to the arrest and abuse of about sixty יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolved: A murder accusation led to the arrest and abuse of about sixty יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

יוסף קורח YOSEF KORAḤ reported an accusation against יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolved: יוסף קורח YOSEF KORAḤ reported an accusation against יהודים YEHUDIM.

כ״ה בטבת ה׳תש״ט 25th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5709Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The House of Commons debated restrictions on the departure of יהודים YEHUDIM.

כ״ה בטבת ה׳תש״ט 25th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5709: The House of Commons debated restrictions on the departure of יהודים YEHUDIM.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

About one hundred fleeing יהודים YEHUDIM were reported arriving before general permission to leave.

Date unresolved: About one hundred fleeing יהודים YEHUDIM were reported arriving before general permission to leave.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

יוסף קורח YOSEF KORAḤ wrote that his father wanted to flee.

Date unresolved: יוסף קורח YOSEF KORAḤ wrote that his father wanted to flee.

Date unresolvedPrecision: unresolved · Basis: not-assessed

יוסף קורח YOSEF KORAḤ reported imprisoned leaders and asked about departure.

Date unresolved: יוסף קורח YOSEF KORAḤ reported imprisoned leaders and asked about departure.

AM 5709Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

The English Empire’s governor of Aden ordered the refugee camp to be dismantled.

AM 5709: The English Empire’s governor of Aden ordered the refugee camp to be dismantled.

AM 5709Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen permitted the departure of יהודים YEHUDIM.

AM 5709: The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen permitted the departure of יהודים YEHUDIM.

אייר ה׳תש״ט Iyar, AM 5709Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

Communal intervention secured the return of four abducted girls from families of יהודים YEHUDIM.

אייר ה׳תש״ט Iyar, AM 5709: Communal intervention secured the return of four abducted girls from families of יהודים YEHUDIM.

י״ח בסיון ה׳תש״ט 18th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5709Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

An emergency committee reported fleeing יהודים YEHUDIM stranded at a closed border.

י״ח בסיון ה׳תש״ט 18th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5709: An emergency committee reported fleeing יהודים YEHUDIM stranded at a closed border.

AM 5709Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

The main airlift brought tens of thousands to ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL; its phase boundaries differ between sources.

AM 5709: The main airlift brought tens of thousands to ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL; its phase boundaries differ between sources.

Civil war and the end of the community in Aden

The civil war that followed the establishment of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962 supplies context for interrupted departure. Aden remained a separate jurisdiction under the English Empire during the evacuation described here. The war is not treated as a substitute for a dated act against יהודים YEHUDIM.1

AM 5727Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

Attacks killed two יהודים YEHUDIM and severely injured another.

AM 5727: Attacks killed two יהודים YEHUDIM and severely injured another.

AM 5727Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

The remaining יהודים YEHUDIM in Aden were evacuated after sheltering under military protection.

AM 5727: The remaining יהודים YEHUDIM in Aden were evacuated after sheltering under military protection.

Permission to leave the Republic of Yemen

AM 5751Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

The Republic of Yemen permitted יהודים YEHUDIM to leave as tourists.

AM 5751: The Republic of Yemen permitted יהודים YEHUDIM to leave as tourists.

Threats, killings and departures under later governments

AM 5767Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

Houthi threats forced forty-five יהודים YEHUDIM to leave their village.

AM 5767: Houthi threats forced forty-five יהודים YEHUDIM to leave their village.

י״ד בכסלו ה׳תשס״ט 14th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5769Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Murder of משה יעיש נהרי MOŜE YAʿIŜ NAHARI.

י״ד בכסלו ה׳תשס״ט 14th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5769: Murder of משה יעיש נהרי MOŜE YAʿIŜ NAHARI.

AM 5772Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

A murdered man's widow and five children departed for ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL.

AM 5772: A murdered man's widow and five children departed for ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL.

י״ב בניסן ה׳תשע״ה 12th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5775Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A published interview records why יחיא זנדאני YIḤYA ZANDANI returned despite his father’s murder.

י״ב בניסן ה׳תשע״ה 12th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5775: A published interview records why יחיא זנדאני YIḤYA ZANDANI returned despite his father’s murder.

Houthi detention and coerced departure

AM 5776Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed

Houthi forces arrested לוי סאלם מוסא מרחבי LEVI SALEM MUSA MARḤABI over the removal of a תורה TORA scroll.

AM 5776: Houthi forces arrested לוי סאלם מוסא מרחבי LEVI SALEM MUSA MARḤABI over the removal of a תורה TORA scroll.

י״א באדר ב׳ ה׳תשע״ו 11th 𝑜𝑓 Adar II, AM 5776Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Nineteen יהודים YEHUDIM arrived in ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL after evacuation.

י״א באדר ב׳ ה׳תשע״ו 11th 𝑜𝑓 Adar II, AM 5776: Nineteen יהודים YEHUDIM arrived in ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL after evacuation.

כ״ו באדר ה׳תשע״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5778Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Houthi authorities sentenced לוי סאלם מוסא מרחבי LEVI SALEM MUSA MARḤABI to three and a half years in prison.

כ״ו באדר ה׳תשע״ח 26th 𝑜𝑓 Adar, AM 5778: Houthi authorities sentenced לוי סאלם מוסא מרחבי LEVI SALEM MUSA MARḤABI to three and a half years in prison.

ניסן ה׳תשפ״א Nisan, AM 5781Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed

A news report preserves a departing family member’s account of coercion under Houthi rule.

ניסן ה׳תשפ״א Nisan, AM 5781: A news report preserves a departing family member’s account of coercion under Houthi rule.

כ״ד בשבט ה׳תשפ״ב 24th 𝑜𝑓 Ŝʾvat, AM 5782Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

A United Nations panel found systematic persecution of יהודים YEHUDIM under Houthi rule.

כ״ד בשבט ה׳תשפ״ב 24th 𝑜𝑓 Ŝʾvat, AM 5782: A United Nations panel found systematic persecution of יהודים YEHUDIM under Houthi rule.

Footnotes

  1. Yitzhak Mualem, The Satmar Hasidic Sect and the Exodus of Yemeni Jews,