כ״ז בכסלו ד׳תתנ״ו 27th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Chronology of
גזירות תתנ״ו
GIZEROT TATNO
(Events of 4856)
ח׳ באייר ד׳תתנ״ו 8th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Crusaders and local attackers killed יהודים YEHUDIM in Speyer.
כ״ג באייר ד׳תתנ״ו 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Attackers massacred יהודים YEHUDIM in Worms; some survivors sought refuge with the bishop.
כ״ד באייר ד׳תתנ״ו 24th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Later yahrtzeit lists commemorate the death of ר׳ שמחה הכהן R. SIMḤA HAʾKOHEN of Worms.
כ״ח באייר ד׳תתנ״ו 28th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Later anniversary lists place a massacre at Bacharach on this date; its attribution to 1096 remains uncertain.
א׳ בסיון ד׳תתנ״ו 1st 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Attackers reached the survivors sheltered in the bishop's residence at Worms and massacred them.
ג׳ בסיון ד׳תתנ״ו 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Count Emicho's forces and townspeople attacked יהודים YEHUDIM in Mainz.
ו׳ בסיון ד׳תתנ״ו 6th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Attackers killed יהודים YEHUDIM in Cologne during שבועות ŜAVUʾOT, destroyed the בית כנסת BEIT KʾNESET and desecrated תורה TORA scrolls.
ל׳ בסיון ד׳תתנ״ו 30th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Crusaders massacred יהודים YEHUDIM at Mehr.
א׳ בתמוז ד׳תתנ״ו 1st 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 4856Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Crusaders and a crowd assembled for the feast of John the Baptist massacred refugees from Cologne at Neuss.
How did the communities
memorialize the catastrophe?
Footnotes
- Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade,; Stow,
Conversion, Apostasy, and Apprehensiveness,
911–913; Seligman,To Explain the First Crusade,
opening discussion and chronicle excerpt. ↩ - New Cambridge Medieval History on Clermont,; Accounts of Urban II at Clermont,. ↩
- City of Speyer,
Schpira – Jüdisches Speyer,
section on the First Crusade. The date follows the received 8 Iyar account retained in the companion. ↩ - Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade,; https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4785-crusades-the. ↩
- https://nertzaddik.com/tzadik-info?id=4949; https://matzav.com/todays-yahrtzeits-history-23-24-iyar-2/. ↩
- https://matzav.com/todays-yahrtzeits-history-28-iyar/. The historical account in https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2296-bacharach describes a crusade-era killing there in 1146. That does not disprove an earlier attack, but the later list alone does not settle the event's identity. ↩
- Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade,; https://matzav.com/todays-yahrtzeits-history-1-2-sivan/. ↩
- Solomon bar Samson, translated selection, account of 3 Sivan. The chronicle dates the entry to noon; its account is retrospective, not a verbatim record of the attackers' speeches. ↩
- Kober, The Jews of Cologne,. ↩
- https://matzav.com/todays-yahrtzeits-history-29-30-sivan-4/. Another anniversary list gives 6 Tamuz; the exact placement still needs stronger primary or scholarly verification. https://matzav.com/todays-yahrtzeits-and-history-6-tammuz-2/. ↩
- Müller,
Rheinischer Städteatlas Neuss,
section 4.8, gives 24 June 1096 Julian, corresponding to 1 Tamuz; Jacobs and Seligsohn,Neuss,
gives 26 June. The linked companion preserves that disagreement; neither account supports placing these refugees' deaths before the Cologne attack. ↩ - Cohen, Sanctifying the Name of God, 13–30; Marcus,
The Representation of Reality,
37–48; Seligman,To Explain the First Crusade,
sections on martyrdom and lamentation. ↩
Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at Clermont, calling on Christians to take ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL from Muslim rulers.
Crusaders and local attackers killed יהודים YEHUDIM in Speyer.
Attackers massacred יהודים YEHUDIM in Worms; some survivors sought refuge with the bishop.
Later yahrtzeit lists commemorate the death of ר׳ שמחה הכהן R. SIMḤA HAʾKOHEN of Worms.
Later anniversary lists place a massacre at Bacharach on this date; its attribution to 1096 remains uncertain.
Attackers reached the survivors sheltered in the bishop's residence at Worms and massacred them.
Count Emicho's forces and townspeople attacked יהודים YEHUDIM in Mainz.
Attackers killed יהודים YEHUDIM in Cologne during שבועות ŜAVUʾOT, destroyed the בית כנסת BEIT KʾNESET and desecrated תורה TORA scrolls.
Crusaders massacred יהודים YEHUDIM at Mehr.
Crusaders and a crowd assembled for the feast of John the Baptist massacred refugees from Cologne at Neuss.