ז׳ באייר ה׳נ״ח 7th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Chronology of
the Rintfleisch massacres
Christian mobs murdered יהודים YEHUDIM across Franconia and neighboring regions in 1298. Host-desecration accusations supplied a religious justification for Jew-hatred and killing. The attacks spread through local participation as well as traveling bands; they cannot all be attributed to one force personally led by Rintfleisch.1
ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG (the Nuremberg memorial book, also known as the Nürnberger Memorbuch) preserves the blood cities
victim registers for forty-four community designations, with twenty-one explicitly dated. The wider persecution affected 130–146 places and killed at least 4,000–5,000 people. All forty-four community designations now have companions linked here, which reproduce the complete applicable registers in עברית IVRIT and English. This remains a partial chronology of the wider persecution.2
Timeline of the massacres
Footnotes distinguish dates specified in the blood-cities lists in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG from reconstructions using other sources. Month- and year-only entries represent intervals; their position does not establish an order within those intervals.
תמוז ה׳נ״ח Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Markt-Bibart.
תמוז ה׳נ״ח Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Markt-Bibart. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records seven victims from one household.4
י״ב בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Neustadt an der Aisch.
י״ב בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Neustadt an der Aisch.5
י״ב בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Windsheim.
י״ב בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Windsheim.6
י״ג בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Iphofen.
י״ג בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Iphofen.7
י״ד בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 14th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
First massacre at Rothenburg.
י״ד בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 14th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: First massacre at Rothenburg.8
י״ח בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Ochsenfurt.
י״ח בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Ochsenfurt.9
י״ט בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Mergentheim.
י״ט בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Mergentheim. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records sixteen victims, including unnamed children.10
י״ט בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Kitzingen.
י״ט בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058: Massacre at Kitzingen. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records fifteen victims, including eight unnamed children.11
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Hersbruck.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Hersbruck.12
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Ellwangen.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Ellwangen.13
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Amberg.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Amberg.14
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Hollfeld.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Hollfeld.15
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Niesten.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Niesten. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records eleven named victims who were burned.16
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Forchheim.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Forchheim.17
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Höchstadt an der Aisch.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Höchstadt an der Aisch.18
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Eggolsheim.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Eggolsheim.19
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Ebermannstadt.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Ebermannstadt.20
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Kronach.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Kronach.21
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Kundstadt (probably Burgkunstadt; possibly Altenkunstadt).
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Kundstadt (probably Burgkunstadt; possibly Altenkunstadt).22
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Stuffenberg (identification uncertain).
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Stuffenberg (identification uncertain).23
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacres at Grünsfeld, Lauda, Karlstadt and tentatively identified Weinsberg.
אב ה׳נ״ח Av, AM 5058: Massacres at Grünsfeld, Lauda, Karlstadt and tentatively identified Weinsberg.24
ח׳ באב ה׳נ״ח 8th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Second massacre at Rothenburg.
ח׳ באב ה׳נ״ח 8th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Second massacre at Rothenburg. Victims are killed in the town and at a tower.25
י״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Third massacre at Rothenburg.
י״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Third massacre at Rothenburg. The castle siege of י׳ באב ה׳נ״ח 10th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058–י״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058 ends in massacre.26
י״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Sindringen.
י״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Sindringen.27
י״ג באב ה׳נ״ח 13th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Würzburg.
י״ג באב ה׳נ״ח 13th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Würzburg. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records a hundred visitors among the victims.28
י״ד באב ה׳נ״ח 14th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre of the Bischofsheim community at Gamburg.
י״ד באב ה׳נ״ח 14th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre of the Bischofsheim community at Gamburg.29
ט״ו באב ה׳נ״ח 15th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Möckmühl.
ט״ו באב ה׳נ״ח 15th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Möckmühl.30
ט״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 16th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Krautheim.
ט״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 16th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Krautheim.31
ט״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 16th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Weißenburg.
ט״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 16th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Weißenburg.32
י״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Berching.
י״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Berching.33
י״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Neumarkt.
י״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 17th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Neumarkt.34
י״ח באב ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Mosbach.
י״ח באב ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Mosbach.35
י״ח באב ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Bamberg.
י״ח באב ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Bamberg.36
י״ט באב ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Widdern.
י״ט באב ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Widdern. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records six victims from one family.37
כ״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Nuremberg.
כ״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058: Massacre at Nuremberg. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG records 628 victims.38
ח׳ באלול ה׳נ״ח 8th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5058Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Gartach (identification disputed).
ח׳ באלול ה׳נ״ח 8th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5058: Massacre at Gartach (identification disputed).39
5058Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Hürnheim.
5058: Massacre at Hürnheim.40
5058Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Landsberg am Lech.
5058: Massacre at Landsberg am Lech.41
5058Precision: year · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Rettenbergen (identification provisional).
5058: Massacre at Rettenbergen (identification provisional).42
תשרי ה׳נ״ט Tiŝrei, AM 5059Precision: month · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Nördlingen.
תשרי ה׳נ״ט Tiŝrei, AM 5059: Massacre at Nördlingen.43
י״ג בתשרי ה׳נ״ט 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5059Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Weinheim.
י״ג בתשרי ה׳נ״ט 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5059: Massacre at Weinheim. Victims are burned in the synagogue on שבת ŜABAT.44
י״ב בחשוון ה׳נ״ט 12th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5059Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre at Heilbronn.
י״ב בחשוון ה׳נ״ט 12th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5059: Massacre at Heilbronn.45
Footnotes
- Lotter,
Rintfleisch-Verfolgung, 1298,
↩ - Lotter,
Rintfleisch-Verfolgung, 1298,
; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, German pp. 164–215, 231–235 ↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 29; German pp. 164–166 ↩
- Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD combines the undated list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG with Lotter’s late-June route reconstruction; the possible scribal connection supplies only an upper bound. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 32, notes 1–3; German p. 170; Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
pp. 404, 422 ↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 29; German pp. 166–167 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 30; German p. 167 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 30; German pp. 167–168 ↩
- Reconstructed: the first register heading has no date. Salfeld derives י״ד בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 14th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058 from an elegy; the memorial stone instead gives י״ט בתמוז ה׳נ״ח 19th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5058. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 39–40; German pp. 191–192; Gußmann,
Jüdisches Rothenburg,
Burggarten – Ort der bitteren Klage
↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 31; German p. 169 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 30–31; German p. 168 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 31; German p. 169 ↩
- Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD applies Lotter’s July 18–August 1 Julian regional wave to the community’s geography. No independent local month is established. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 37, note 1; German p. 180; Lotter,
Rintfleisch-Verfolgung, 1298,
↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD applies Lotter’s July 18–August 1 Julian regional wave to the community’s geography. No independent local month is established. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 37, note 1; German pp. 180–181; Lotter,
Rintfleisch-Verfolgung, 1298,
↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD applies Lotter’s July 18–August 1 Julian regional wave to the community’s geography. Amberg’s placement is a weaker neighboring-region inference and does not date Lemlin’s death elsewhere. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 37–39; German pp. 182–184; Lotter,
Rintfleisch-Verfolgung, 1298,
↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 51–52; German p. 205; Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte,Hollfeld (Gemeinde),
tentative second-half-of-July placement ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 50; German p. 203 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 50–51; German p. 204 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, German pp. 178, note 2, and 205 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 52; German p. 205 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 52; German p. 206 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 52; German p. 206 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD follows Lotter’s expressly tentative last-week-of-July hypothesis for communities around Bamberg, corresponding to אב AV. ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG lists the victims but does not independently confirm that month. Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 412; table p. 422; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 52; German p. 206 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD combines Salfeld’s geographic identification, the probable Stufenburg near Baunach locality and Lotter’s late-July regional hypothesis. Lotter does not name Stuffenberg in that paragraph; the month depends on TJD’s additional inference. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, German pp. 203–204, 234; Universität Würzburg, Stufenburg, castle 696; Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
pp. 412, 422 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD combines the four-community list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG and proposed localities with Lotter’s July regional sequence and later Lauda history. This does not establish one month or day for every community; Weinsberg remains tentative. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 48–49; German pp. 200–201; Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
pp. 391, 422; Alemannia Judaica,Jüdische Geschichte in Lauda,
↩ - Day and month specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG; 5058 belongs to its shared persecution-year context. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 40; German pp. 185–186 ↩
- Siege dates specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG: י׳ באב ה׳נ״ח 10th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058–י״ב באב ה׳נ״ח 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058. The selected date is its culmination, corroborated by the memorial stone. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 40–41; German pp. 186–188; Gußmann,
Jüdisches Rothenburg,
Burggarten – Ort der bitteren Klage
↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 52–53; German p. 206 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 43–44; German pp. 192–194 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 54–55; German p. 209 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 53; German pp. 206–207 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 53; German p. 207 ↩
- Reconstructed from later local history: ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no month or day. The provisional ט״ז באב ה׳נ״ח 16th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058 converts July 26, treated as Julian, from Wugwiki’s citation of Ute Jäger’s museum guide, not inspected directly. Lotter supports only a tentative late-July association. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 48; German p. 200; Wugwiki,
Judentum in Weißenburg,
history paragraph and footnote 2; Lotter,Die Judenverfolgung,
pp. 411, 422 ↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 38–39; German pp. 183–184 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 39; German p. 184 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 54; German p. 208 ↩
- Reconstructed from charter scholarship and local history: the heading in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG is undated. Salfeld, Guttenberg and Lotter support July 28 Julian, converted to י״ח באב ה׳נ״ח 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5058; the original charter and its feast-day usage remain unchecked. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, German p. 203; Guttenberg, Das Bistum Bamberg, p. 72; Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
p. 392, note 28 ↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 58; German pp. 214–215 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 32–33; German pp. 170–172 ↩
- Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 55–56; German p. 210 ↩
- Reconstructed Hebrew year; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD combines the community’s geography with the principal summer wave in Lotter’s regional account. Müller’s tentative September for neighboring Nördlingen does not date Hürnheim. Autumn 5059 remains possible; its position here establishes no order relative to dated entries. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, German p. 181; Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
pp. 391–392, 422; Müller,Aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Beiträge zur Geschichte der jüdischen Gemeinden im Riess,
pp. 8–9 ↩ - Reconstructed Hebrew year; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. Haverkamp places the persecution reaching Landsberg before Augsburg’s August 23 agreement (י״ד באלול ה׳נ״ח 14th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5058). The agreement itself does not name Landsberg. No month or day is assigned. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 37–38; German pp. 182–183; Haverkamp,
Kammerknechtschaft,
pp. 36–37; Augsburg agreement, 23 August 1298, ↩ - Reconstructed Hebrew year; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. TJD combines Salfeld’s tentative Augsburg-region identification with the summer danger reflected in Augsburg’s August 23 agreement. That document names neither these victims nor Rettenbergen. Autumn 5059 remains possible; its position here establishes no order relative to dated entries. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 38; German p. 183; Augsburg agreement, 23 August 1298,; Lotter,
Die Judenverfolgung,
pp. 391–392, 422 ↩ - Reconstructed month; the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG supplies no local date. Müller tentatively proposes September 1298, spanning כ״ג באלול ה׳נ״ח 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5058–כ״ג בתשרי ה׳נ״ט 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 5059 when read as Julian. תשרי TIŜREI is TJD’s approximate calendar placement, not proof of an attack after the New Year or before Weinheim. Salfeld and Lotter do not independently corroborate September. Müller,
Aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Beiträge zur Geschichte der jüdischen Gemeinden im Riess,
p. 8; Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 37, note 1; German pp. 181–182; Lotter,Rintfleisch-Verfolgung, 1298,
↩ - Day and month specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG; year reconstructed. The heading gives י״ג בתשרי 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei and שבת ŜABAT but no year. Salfeld follows Carmoly’s restoration of 5059; the companion discusses the edition’s conflicting civil-date note. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew p. 56, note 2; German pp. 211–212; Hundsnurscher,
Weinheim,
↩ - Date specified in the blood-cities list in ספר אזכרות נשמות לקהלת נירנברג SEFER AZKAROT NEŜAMOT LIʾKEHILAT NIRNBERG. Salfeld, Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches, Hebrew pp. 57–58; German pp. 212–213 ↩
Massacre at Röttingen.
Massacre at Markt-Bibart.
Massacre at Neustadt an der Aisch.
Massacre at Windsheim.
Massacre at Iphofen.
First massacre at Rothenburg.
Massacre at Ochsenfurt.
Massacre at Mergentheim.
Massacre at Kitzingen.
Massacre at Hersbruck.
Massacre at Ellwangen.
Massacre at Amberg.
Massacre at Hollfeld.
Massacre at Niesten.
Massacre at Forchheim.
Massacre at Höchstadt an der Aisch.
Massacre at Eggolsheim.
Massacre at Ebermannstadt.
Massacre at Kronach.
Massacre at Kundstadt (probably Burgkunstadt; possibly Altenkunstadt).
Massacre at Stuffenberg (identification uncertain).
Massacres at Grünsfeld, Lauda, Karlstadt and tentatively identified Weinsberg.
Second massacre at Rothenburg.
Third massacre at Rothenburg.
Massacre at Sindringen.
Massacre at Würzburg.
Massacre of the Bischofsheim community at Gamburg.
Massacre at Möckmühl.
Massacre at Krautheim.
Massacre at Weißenburg.
Massacre at Berching.
Massacre at Neumarkt.
Massacre at Mosbach.
Massacre at Bamberg.
Massacre at Widdern.
Massacre at Nuremberg.
Massacre at Gartach (identification disputed).
Massacre at Hürnheim.
Massacre at Landsberg am Lech.
Massacre at Rettenbergen (identification provisional).
Massacre at Nördlingen.
Massacre at Weinheim.
Massacre at Heilbronn.