Arab forces invaded ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL.

Its dated communication to the United Nations rejected partition and advocated a unitary state. It presented intervention as protection of life and restoration of order. The stated policy nevertheless denied the political existence of the independent state just proclaimed by יהודים YEHUDIM. That establishes antizionism in the League’s program; its assurance of civilian protection must be tested against military conduct.¹

The League stated its proposed political outcome:

the only fair and just solution to the problem of Palestine is the creation of United State of Palestine.²

That unitary program rejected the separate sovereignty proclaimed by יהודים YEHUDIM.

The document’s claim that more than a quarter of a million Arab inhabitants had been displaced is a contemporary diplomatic estimate. It is neither a household register nor an audited total for the first day of invasion.

דוד בן-גוריון DAVID BEN-GURION’s 15 May diary records an air attack during his early broadcast, fire near the airfield, wounded people and damaged aircraft. It also reports approaching forces on several fronts. The entry establishes that the first night of governmental authority brought immediate military danger; it does not supply a complete first-day casualty list.³

The scholarly study by אב״י שליים AVI SHLAIM, cited in the inherited article, distinguishes common opposition to national sovereignty by יהודים YEHUDIM from disagreement over the political arrangement that should replace it:

there was no consensus on the future of Palestine.⁴

That distinction explains why an invasion coalition could act against the new state while competing over its aftermath. The exact quotation is retained from the existing sourced study; original edition verification remains separate. It does not weaken the documented hostility toward the state’s existence.

Arab Legion forces had already fought at כפר עציון KFAR EẒʾYON before 15 May. The date therefore marks the conventional interstate phase, not the first foreign soldier or the beginning of all violence. The earlier phase had already lasted more than five months. The response required the national institutions to turn self-defense into the defense of sovereign government.

The Arab League communication is dated 15 May and was circulated as S/745 on 16 May. The local 15 May diary independently records the opening attacks. TJD’s fixed Hebrew calendar route is ו׳ באייר ה׳תש״ח 6th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5708. Later report dates and earlier Arab Legion operations are retained separately; no single crossing hour is assigned to all forces.^{5 6}

• How can a coalition share opposition to sovereignty by יהודים YEHUDIM while disagreeing about the political order to replace it?
• Why must the League’s declared civilian protections be tested against actual operations?