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two thousand years marrying only within itself should establish in each city a special quarter bearing its stamp. Yet many of them also played a considerable part in occupying enormous palaces with luxuriant gardens in aristocratic districts and the suburbs.

Within their social circle, between 1780 and 1848, they succeeded in playing an important role in the social life of Vienna and Berlin. Those who played this role had drunk from the springs of European culture and possessed great intelligence. Women such as Henriette Herz and Rahel Levin, who dazzled people with their beauty, possessed many times the tact and allure of any aristocratic German woman. As a result, many Germans married beautiful Jewish women. The celebrated writer Varnhagen von Ense married the beautiful Rahel Levin. Prince Louis Ferdinand lived with the Jewish woman Henriette Fromm and fathered a son with her who bore the name von Wildenbruch; among her descendants was the poet Ernst von Wildenbruch. The Jewish woman Marianne became the consort of Prince Heinrich XIV, and her sister Sarah married a notable member of the von Grotthuss family.

Although approximately one-third of Berlin's Jews entered Christianity between 1820 and 1830, the men among them did not marry women who were not of Jewish race. The Jewish salons reached such a degree of licentiousness that the people of Berlin and fair-minded Jews themselves became intensely indignant at them.