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when Napoleon summoned the Jews to consult about the matter of their persecution: "Let us forget where we come from today. We are not German or Portuguese Jews. In our dispersion across the face of the earth and throughout the world, we must form one national unity."

In our own age, shortly before the end of the war, a prominent Jew, Dr. Jakob Klatzkin, addressed Jewish and non-Jewish students in Basel, where the Zionist Congress met. He said: "We are neither Germans nor anything other than Germans, and we do not work to become such. We are Jews, joined to nothing else by even the slightest bond. Wherever we settle, we are a foreign people."

Then, addressing the non-Jewish students, he said: "We are foreigners to your people and your environment and will always remain so. Between us and you is a chasm that cannot be crossed. Your God is not our God, your rites are not our rites, your religion is not our religion, and your suns and festivals are foreign to us and have no connection to us. Your pains and joys, your victories and defeats, your dreams and hopes, your progress and decline--none of that concerns us, and we will pay it no attention. Your borders cannot include us with you, separate us from our people or affect our unity, whether your devotion to your homelands increases or decreases."

That, the chapter says, is the truth concerning a people who lived as wandering nomads, connected by no bond of kinship, marriage or any other bond to the peoples among whom they lived, and who did not hesitate,