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Velazquez and Murillo, who attained a high position in art during the two centuries following the expulsion of the Jews. Spain likewise dazzled the world with its military power, the organization of its army and the skill of its commanders, who led it from victory to victory. None of these celebrated men, the text says, was established to have descended from Jewish origins.

Spain did not, however, succeed in resolving the Jewish question with a final solution that could serve as a model for other nations, for it left in place the Jews who had entered Christianity. Leaving them in the country, where they were numerous, allowed them to regain Jewish control over its economic life. Capitalism soon recovered its power, the gold of the New World poured into the state's banks, and the policy of extortionate usury began to revive. From 1492 until the author's own time, these recently converted Jews allegedly remained devoted to the teachings of their law. They neither mixed nor merged with the Spanish people, nor did they participate in establishing the new Spanish republic or extend a helping hand to it.

The solution to the Jewish question in Hitler's program is not moving backward, the text concludes, but progressing on the path toward success. Spain saw the splendid ripe fruits it harvested after expelling the Jews. France likewise began in 1392, under Henry IV and then Louis XIII, to preserve its blood