Chronology of
publications opposing
Jew-hatred

Two ink blots crossed by pale lines beside a close view of printing machinery on a warm plaster ground.
Symbolic collage for publications opposing Jew-hatred. AI-generated illustration for TJD, 2026-09-22.

These publications opposed Jew-hatred or removed discrimination against יהודים YEHUDIM. The comparison is not simply between earlier hostility and later tolerance: it is between protection, citizenship and recognition—and the power each left in other hands.

א׳ באב ה׳ז׳ 1st 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5007Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Answering complaints from יהודים YEHUDIM, Pope Innocent IV ordered bishops in Alamanniam, i.e.

א׳ באב ה׳ז׳ 1st 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5007: Answering complaints from יהודים YEHUDIM, Pope Innocent IV ordered bishops in Alamanniam, i.e. the German lands of the Holy Roman Empire, and in France to stop persecution through blood libels.1

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Protection preserved papal claims over their religious future: the letter anticipated conversion, and the same pope had ordered condemned copies of התלמוד HAʾTALMUD (the Talmud) burned.2

כ״ח באלול ה׳תקנ״א 28th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5551Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The French National Assembly removed the remaining exclusion of יהודים YEHUDIM from citizenship, subject to constitutional qualifications and the civic oath.

כ״ח באלול ה׳תקנ״א 28th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5551: The French National Assembly removed the remaining exclusion of יהודים YEHUDIM from citizenship, subject to constitutional qualifications and the civic oath.3

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Citizenship replaced legal exclusion, not dependence on French state power: French ruler Napoleon I later reimposed discriminatory restrictions, though not a universal cancellation of citizenship.4

י׳ בחשוון ה׳תר״א 10th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5601Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Following advocacy by משה Montefiore MOŜE, Turkish ruler Abdülmecid I issued a firman rejecting blood libels against יהודים YEHUDIM.

י׳ בחשוון ה׳תר״א 10th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5601: Following advocacy by משה Montefiore MOŜE, Turkish ruler Abdülmecid I issued a firman rejecting blood libels against יהודים YEHUDIM.5

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משה Montefiore MOŜE secured a tool against persecution; imperial officials still controlled its enforcement. A later communal account remembers another blood libel in Aleppo in 1853, though its exact date is less secure.6

5642-10-20Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The Times called upon European public opinion to press Russian authorities to protect יהודים YEHUDIM from pogroms.

5642-10-20: The Times called upon European public opinion to press Russian authorities to protect יהודים YEHUDIM from pogroms. Its defense of physical safety left degrading collective accusations largely unchallenged and treated official discrimination or expulsion as more acceptable than mob violence, while acknowledging that those measures would deserve censure.7

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ב׳ בחשוון ה׳תשכ״ו 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5726Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

In Nostra aetate, the Second Vatican Council rejected collective guilt assigned to יהודים YEHUDIM for the death of Christianity’s founder Jesus.

ב׳ בחשוון ה׳תשכ״ו 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5726: In Nostra aetate, the Second Vatican Council rejected collective guilt assigned to יהודים YEHUDIM for the death of Christianity’s founder Jesus.8

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Rejection of collective guilt did not establish religious independence: the later Catholic Catechism still made recognition of Jesus by all Israel a condition of his return.9

כ״ו בסיון ה׳תשמ״ו 26th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5746Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

Alerted by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, U.S.

כ״ו בסיון ה׳תשמ״ו 26th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5746: Alerted by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, U.S. secretary of state George Shultz directed a diplomatic response to Syria over The Matzah of Zion.10

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Advocacy moved the accusation into diplomacy, not out of circulation: Syria later promoted the blood libel at the United Nations. The letter establishes an instruction, not its execution.11

ט׳ בטבת ה׳תשנ״ב 9th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5752Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed

The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 46/86, revoking its earlier determination that ציונות ẒIYONUT (Zionism) constituted racism and racial discrimination.

ט׳ בטבת ה׳תשנ״ב 9th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5752: The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 46/86, revoking its earlier determination that ציונות ẒIYONUT (Zionism) constituted racism and racial discrimination.12

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The institution withdrew its accusation without explaining its falsehood or acknowledging the harm it had done.13

Footnotes

  1. Innocent IV, letter against blood libels,; Simonsohn, Apostolic See, no. 185 ↩
  2. Innocent IV, letter against blood libels,; Innocent IV, Impia Judaeorum perfidia, ↩
  3. French National Assembly, citizenship decree, 372–373 ↩
  4. Fondation Napoléon, Napoleon I and the Integration of the Jews in France, The principal Napoleonic decrees ↩
  5. Montefiore, Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore, vol. 1, 275–280; National Library of Israel, 1840 blood-libel firman, ↩
  6. Montefiore, Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore, vol. 1, 279; Halakha of the Day, Aleppo Blood Libel, ↩
  7. The Times, untitled editorial on persecution in Russia, 9, cols. 3–4. ↩
  8. Second Vatican Council, Nostra aetate §4, ↩
  9. Holy See, Catechism, §674, ↩
  10. JTA, Shultz Orders U.S. Probe, ↩
  11. JTA, Shultz Orders U.S. Probe,; Syrian Arab Republic, UN letter on The Matzah of Zion, 3 ↩
  12. UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86, ↩
  13. UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86, ↩