This chronology follows deliberate collective killings of civilians, captives and people no longer fighting. Related beginnings, relief events and regional overviews are labeled. A date may identify capture, attack, discovery or relief; it is not automatically the date of every death.
Timeline
כ״ג בתמוז ד׳תתנ״ט 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 4859Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Crusaders took ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM; the Ashkelon letter records killings and captivity.
כ״ג בתמוז ד׳תתנ״ט 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 4859 Crusaders took ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM; the Ashkelon letter records killings and captivity.
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י״ח בסיון ה׳נ״א 18th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5051Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Mamluk forces breached עכו AKO; a Hebrew elegy reports the killing of scholars and their families during the conquest.
י״ח בסיון ה׳נ״א 18th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5051 Mamluk forces breached עכו AKO; a Hebrew elegy reports the killing of scholars and their families during the conquest.
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ח׳ בניסן ה׳תקנ״ט 8th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5559Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
A later letter reports ten יהודים YEHUDIM killed in צפת ẒEFAT on Shabbat HaGadol.
ח׳ בניסן ה׳תקנ״ט 8th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5559 A later letter reports ten יהודים YEHUDIM killed in צפת ẒEFAT on Shabbat HaGadol.
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ח׳ בסיון ה׳תקצ״ד 8th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5594Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The great plunder of צפת ẒEFAT began; Schwarz reports deliberate attacks and several people slain.
ח׳ בסיון ה׳תקצ״ד 8th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5594 The great plunder of צפת ẒEFAT began; Schwarz reports deliberate attacks and several people slain.
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י׳ בתמוז ה׳תקצ״ד 10th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5594Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
צפת ẒEFAT’s leaders reached an agreement with the relief commanders; the day is reconstructed from the account’s thirty-third-day reference.
י׳ בתמוז ה׳תקצ״ד 10th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5594 צפת ẒEFAT’s leaders reached an agreement with the relief commanders; the day is reconstructed from the account’s thirty-third-day reference. Aftermath.
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כ״ב בתמוז ה׳תקצ״ד 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5594Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Relief arrived in צפת ẒEFAT; the accounts differ about the date.
כ״ב בתמוז ה׳תקצ״ד 22nd 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5594 Relief arrived in צפת ẒEFAT; the accounts differ about the date. Aftermath.
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כ״ח בתמוז ה׳תקצ״ד 28th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5594Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Ibrahim Pasha’s troops sacked חברון ḤEVRON, deliberately killing יהודים YEHUDIM.
כ״ח בתמוז ה׳תקצ״ד 28th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5594 Ibrahim Pasha’s troops sacked חברון ḤEVRON, deliberately killing יהודים YEHUDIM. The date is disputed.
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ט״ז בניסן ה׳תר״פ 16th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5680Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Nebi Musa attacks began in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM; the inquiry distinguishes attackers’ victims from deaths caused by troops.
ט״ז בניסן ה׳תר״פ 16th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5680 The Nebi Musa attacks began in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM; the inquiry distinguishes attackers’ victims from deaths caused by troops.
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כ״ג בניסן ה׳תרפ״א 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5681Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM began in יפו YAFO.
כ״ג בניסן ה׳תרפ״א 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5681 Attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM began in יפו YAFO. Regional overview; not an additional massacre.
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כ״ג בניסן ה׳תרפ״א 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5681Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM at בית העולים BEIT HAʾOLIM.
כ״ג בניסן ה׳תרפ״א 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5681 Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM at בית העולים BEIT HAʾOLIM.
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כ״ד בניסן ה׳תרפ״א 24th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5681Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM at בית יצקר BEIT YIẒKER; this date records the discovery of the victims.
כ״ד בניסן ה׳תרפ״א 24th 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5681 Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM at בית יצקר BEIT YIẒKER; this date records the discovery of the victims.
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י״ז באב ה׳תרפ״ט 17th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The regional wave began with attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM.
י״ז באב ה׳תרפ״ט 17th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689 The regional wave began with attacks on יהודים YEHUDIM in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM. Regional overview; not an additional massacre.
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י״ח באב ה׳תרפ״ט 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM in חברון ḤEVRON.
י״ח באב ה׳תרפ״ט 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689 Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM in חברון ḤEVRON.
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י״ח באב ה׳תרפ״ט 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
יהודים YEHUDIM were murdered at Motza.
י״ח באב ה׳תרפ״ט 18th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689 יהודים YEHUDIM were murdered at Motza.
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כ״ג באב ה׳תרפ״ט 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM in צפת ẒEFAT, the last major outbreak in the regional sequence.
כ״ג באב ה׳תרפ״ט 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5689 Massacre of יהודים YEHUDIM in צפת ẒEFAT, the last major outbreak in the regional sequence.
Open item