Collaboration can supply hostile powers with knowledge, administrators or public legitimacy from among the people they target. This chronology follows those relationships alongside rescue negotiations, coerced service and refusal. The distinction turns on what each person helped the hostile power do, what freedom remained and what happened to יהודים YEHUDIM.
ג׳ בתשרי ג׳של״ט 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 3339Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Assassination of גדליה בן אחיקם GEDALIAH BEN AHIKAM, whom Babylon had appointed to govern the surviving community.
ג׳ בתשרי ג׳של״ט 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Tiŝrei, AM 3339: Assassination of גדליה בן אחיקם GEDALIAH BEN AHIKAM, whom Babylon had appointed to govern the surviving community. His attempt to sustain life under the conqueror belongs here as a test of the accusation of betrayal, not proof of it.1
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AM 5000 — the Paris prosecution of התלמוד HAʾTALMUDPrecision: source-label · Basis: not-assessed
AM 5000 — the Paris prosecution of התלמוד HAʾTALMUD
AM 5000 — the Paris prosecution of התלמוד HAʾTALMUD: Nicolas Donin supplied Christian authorities with accusations against the text. His campaign led to confiscation and public burning, turning knowledge of יהדות YAHADUT into an instrument of Christian coercion.2
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י״ב באב ה׳כ״ג 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5023Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Pablo Christiani confronted הרמב״ן HAʾRAMBAN in a disputation imposed by Aragonian ruler James I.
י״ב באב ה׳כ״ג 12th 𝑜𝑓 Av, AM 5023: Pablo Christiani confronted הרמב״ן HAʾRAMBAN in a disputation imposed by Aragonian ruler James I. Royal compulsion made Christian mission an exercise of power over יהודים YEHUDIM, not a debate between equals.3
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א׳ באייר ה׳ר״ע 1st 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5270Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Johannes Pfefferkorn's commission seized the books of יהודים YEHUDIM in Frankfurt.
א׳ באייר ה׳ר״ע 1st 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5270: Johannes Pfefferkorn's commission seized the books of יהודים YEHUDIM in Frankfurt. A convert's campaign placed communal learning at the mercy of Christian censorship.4
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י״ד בסיון ה׳ר״ע 14th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5270Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I ordered the seized books returned.
י״ד בסיון ה׳ר״ע 14th 𝑜𝑓 Sivan, AM 5270: Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I ordered the seized books returned. Petitions to imperial authority helped resist the campaign that imperial authority had enabled.5
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י״ג בטבת ה׳תר״מ 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5640Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Death of יעקב Brafman YAʾAKOV, whose earlier Book of the Kahal recast communal institutions as a conspiracy against non-Jews and the Russian state.
י״ג בטבת ה׳תר״מ 13th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5640: Death of יעקב Brafman YAʾAKOV, whose earlier Book of the Kahal recast communal institutions as a conspiracy against non-Jews and the Russian state. His death dates this biographical entry, not the publication.6
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ג׳ באלול ה׳תרצ״ג 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5693Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The transfer agreement opened an escape route from Nazi Germany to ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL, recovering part of emigrants' assets through German exports.
ג׳ באלול ה׳תרצ״ג 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5693: The transfer agreement opened an escape route from Nazi Germany to ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL, recovering part of emigrants' assets through German exports. Rescue and the anti-Nazi boycott came into direct conflict.7
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ט״ז בכסלו ה׳ת״ש 16th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5700Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Nazi governor-general Hans Frank decreed councils of יהודים YEHUDIM in occupied Poland.
ט״ז בכסלו ה׳ת״ש 16th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5700: Nazi governor-general Hans Frank decreed councils of יהודים YEHUDIM in occupied Poland. The occupier made members of the persecuted population responsible for carrying out its orders.8
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י״ד באלול ה׳תש״ג 14th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5703Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Gestapo killed יעקב גנס YAʾAKOV GENS, head of the Vilna ghetto.
י״ד באלול ה׳תש״ג 14th 𝑜𝑓 Elul, AM 5703: The Gestapo killed יעקב גנס YAʾAKOV GENS, head of the Vilna ghetto. His policy of preserving the community through labor had included surrendering some people to protect others; it secured no lasting protection from the Nazis.9
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ג׳ בניסן ה׳תש״ד 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5704Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Nazi forces began the Children's Action in Kovno.
ג׳ בניסן ה׳תש״ד 3rd 𝑜𝑓 Nisan, AM 5704: Nazi forces began the Children's Action in Kovno. Members of the ghetto police refused under torture to disclose hiding places and were killed: coerced administration did not eliminate the possibility of resistance.10
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ב׳ בתמוז ה׳תשט״ו 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5715Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
A district court accepted most accusations of Nazi collaboration against ישראל קסטנר YISRAʾEL KASTNER in a libel prosecution.
ב׳ בתמוז ה׳תשט״ו 2nd 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5715: A district court accepted most accusations of Nazi collaboration against ישראל קסטנר YISRAʾEL KASTNER in a libel prosecution. He was a witness, not the criminal defendant.11
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כ״ה בטבת ה׳תשי״ח 25th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5718Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
The Supreme Court overturned most findings against ישראל קסטנר YISRAʾEL KASTNER, but upheld the finding concerning his postwar assistance to Kurt Becher.
כ״ה בטבת ה׳תשי״ח 25th 𝑜𝑓 Tevet, AM 5718: The Supreme Court overturned most findings against ישראל קסטנר YISRAʾEL KASTNER, but upheld the finding concerning his postwar assistance to Kurt Becher. Negotiating rescue and helping a Nazi official afterward required separate judgments.12
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כ׳ בכסלו ה׳תשס״ז 20th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5767Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
Delegates from נטורי קרתא NETUREI KARTA attended Iran's conference promoting denial of השואה HAʾŜOA.
כ׳ בכסלו ה׳תשס״ז 20th 𝑜𝑓 Kislev, AM 5767: Delegates from נטורי קרתא NETUREI KARTA attended Iran's conference promoting denial of השואה HAʾŜOA. Acknowledging the genocide did not prevent their participation from supplying the government's Jew-hating forum with representatives from among יהודים YEHUDIM.13
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י׳ בתמוז ה׳תשפ״ה 10th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5785Precision: day · Basis: not-assessed
During a visit to Brazil, ישראל דוד Weiss YISRAʾEL DAVID expressed solidarity with Iran's government and met its foreign minister.
י׳ בתמוז ה׳תשפ״ה 10th 𝑜𝑓 Tamuz, AM 5785: During a visit to Brazil, ישראל דוד Weiss YISRAʾEL DAVID expressed solidarity with Iran's government and met its foreign minister. His faction's antizionism supplied public support to a state opposing the sovereignty of יהודים YEHUDIM.14
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