Day 166 of 599 of מלחמת העצמאות MILḤEMET HAʾAẒMAʾUT (War of Independence)

Arab Legion soldiers and local Arab fighters took כפר עציון KFAR EẒʾYON after heavy combat. Some surrendering defenders were massacred. event://5708־02־04־כפר־eẓyon־massacre KFAR separates combat deaths from murder during and after surrender; the contemporary estimates reaching the national leadership were incomplete.^{1 2}

Killing of נתנאל פיטרושקה NETANEL PIṬRUŜKA. records the death of נתנאל פיטרושקה NETANEL PIṬRUŜKA, an official last-survivor memorial case. The biography relates family losses during השואה HAʾŜOA, his arrival in ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL and defense of the commune. It does not identify whether his own killing occurred in battle or after surrender. The heading and narrative disagree on his age; the given birth and death dates support twenty-four.³

The diary records receipt of a signed surrender to ההגנה HAʾHAGANA. Surrender agreement for יפו YAFO. dates that document record to 13 May. Entry and further negotiations were reported the following day, a distinct implementation stage. A United States consular telegram describes the largely deserted city without establishing every household’s departure mechanism.^{4 5}

Beginning of מבצע בן עמי MIVẒA BEN AMI. follows the western Galilee campaign into the first days of independence. The supplied reconstruction gives 13–21 May; exact locality actions and the later battle for עכו AKO must retain their own dates. Campaign opening cannot date all civilian departures or surrender documents.⁶

This is Day 166 of the 599-day civil-date series: 1948-05-13. The register assigns its daytime public route ד׳ באייר ה׳תש״ח 4th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5708, a TJD fixed Hebrew calendar conversion rather than a claim that every included occurrence shared the same Hebrew day. Events after local sunset belong to ה׳ באייר ה׳תש״ח 5th 𝑜𝑓 Iyar, AM 5708. Dated diaries, document records and issue dates cited beside each section supply the reconstruction; a publication or recorded report is not automatically the occurrence date. Linked studies preserve their own timing and source conflicts.⁷

• Why does a biography’s death date not identify the victim’s precise phase of killing?
• How did the signed agreement differ from the following day’s entry?