Land supply reached סדום SEDOM as two military commands issued distinct instructions concerning Arab civilians: condemnation of crimes in the north and removal orders in the south.

When did the convoy arrive?

The Ninth Battalion convoy reached סדום SEDOM at 11:30 on November 25, according to the פלמ״ח PALMAḤ institutional chronology. That arrival reopened the land connection after months of isolation and air supply. The Operation Lot article separates this result from reconnaissance and the November 24 columns. 1

What did the commands order?

Southern Front instructed removal of returned Arab refugees; an evening brigade order added burning and demolition instructions. The orders study distinguishes issuance from November 30 implementation. Separately, משה כרמל MOŜE CARMEL condemned looting, murder and mistreatment in the north. His condemnation study distinguishes promises of discipline from documented prosecution. These different commands and purposes cannot be collapsed into one statement of policy. 2 3

How is this dated?

This is Day 362 of the 599-day civil-date series: 1948-11-25. TJD converts its daytime portion with the fixed Hebrew calendar to כ״ג בחשוון ה׳תש״ט 23rd 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5709. The slot does not assign every reported action to that Hebrew day. יהודה בארי YEHUDA BEʾERI’s 19:55 instruction belongs to the following Hebrew date, כ״ד בחשוון ה׳תש״ט 24th 𝑜𝑓 Ḥeŝvan, AM 5709. No new expulsion count can be assigned merely from the order’s issue. The two wounded in the Wubida raid belong to a November 24–25 night operation and are not counted twice. 4

Guided reflections

  • How can commands condemning crimes and ordering removal coexist on the same date?
  • Why should the November 25 arrival be distinguished from the November 23 deployment?

Footnotes

  1. https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8498 November 25 arrival paragraph. ↩
  2. https://benyehuda.org/read/69149 Chapter 4, November 25 orders. ↩
  3. https://cursosextensao.usp.br/pluginfile.php/977243/mod_resource/content/1/Benny%20Morris_%20%E2%80%9CRevisiting%20the%20Palestinian%20Exodus%20of%201948%E2%80%9D%20in%20Avi%20Shlim%20et%20al_%20The%20War%20for%20Palestine%2C%20Cambridge%20University%20Press%2C%202001.pdf Printed pp. 54–55, note 26. ↩
  4. https://www.palmach.org.il/en/history/database/?itemId=8498 Dated passage identified in the sections above; occurrence, reporting and later publication remain separate. ↩