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from Germany, had they not known how to find a path into the army and merge into it through conversion to Christianity. Despite their conversion, they allegedly retained their traditions and remained fanatically devoted to them. In many incidents they applied what is presented as a Talmudic rule: "If two men bring a dispute before you and one is an Israelite, exert yourself to apply Jewish law so that you award the right to the Israelite. If you find that worldly laws serve an interest, do not hesitate to apply them."

Jewish writers, authors and artists joined together to block German poets, writers and artists from success and fame. Yet the power and solidity of those Germans' works endured even if Jewish publicity prevented their publication at the proper time. Meanwhile, the names of Jews once regarded as representative of their age and leaders of its literature and arts disappeared. Who today reads Borne, Max Ring, Rosenthal or Heinrich Heine? Who today listens to the music of Fromental, Halevy or Mendelssohn? By contrast, the names of German musicians and writers such as Bach, Mozart, Schubert, Beethoven, Franz Liszt, Wagner, Bruckner and others are recorded in the pages of immortality.

Jews likewise competed with German artists in decoration and architecture, and some gained renown through the campaigns they conducted. But if you