Chronology of
antizionism.

  1. Roman forces captured מצדה MEẒADA, the last major stronghold after the destruction of בית המקדש BEIT HAʾMIKDAŜ.

  2. Titus commemorated the subjugation of יהודים YEHUDIM and destruction of ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM.

  3. Roman forces crushed מרד בר כוכבא MERED BAR KOḪBA's attempt to restore sovereignty; the fall is traditionally commemorated on this date.

  4. A later tradition says Byzantine ruler Heraclius broke an amnesty and permitted the killing or expulsion of יהודים YEHUDIM.

  5. An Islamic court recorded the earlier endowment beside הכותל HAʾKOTEL, later invoked against worship rights of יהודים YEHUDIM.

  6. The First Crusade captured ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM and massacred inhabitants who were יהודים YEHUDIM or Muslims.

  7. Muslim creditors burned the synagogue in the courtyard of יהודה החסיד YEHUDA HAʾḤASID; the violence dispersed the community of אשכנזים AŜKENAZIM.

  8. A consular report described יהודים YEHUDIM losing European protection for remaining in ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL under Turkish rule.

  9. A wartime report described expulsions and forced naturalization confronting יהודים YEHUDIM.

  10. Turkish authorities ordered the evacuation of תל אביב TEL AVIV.

  11. The Churchill White Paper rejected making all ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL a national home for יהודים YEHUDIM.

  12. The dispute over worship at הכותל HAʾKOTEL intensified under English rule.

  13. The English-administered commission heard רבנים RABANIM defend worship rights at הכותל HAʾKOTEL.

  14. The Passfield White Paper restricted immigration and land acquisition by יהודים YEHUDIM.

  15. English authorities evacuated the surviving community of יהודים YEHUDIM in חברון ḤEVRON.

  16. The English Empire rejected statehood for יהודים YEHUDIM, capped immigration and made further immigration after five years conditional on Arab consent.

  17. English land-transfer regulations prohibited or restricted purchases by יהודים YEHUDIM across most of ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL.

  18. The English Empire restricted refuge in ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL while יהודים YEHUDIM faced extermination in Europe.

  19. English forces intercepted ships carrying about 15,000 יהודים YEHUDIM and detained their passengers in Cyprus.

  20. رضا RIḌĀ warned that organized migration and land purchases could transfer possession of ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL to יהודים YEHUDIM.

  21. رضا RIḌĀ explicitly identified sovereignty as the aim of ציונות ẒIYONUT and urged a response.

  22. Nebi Musa rioters attacked the community of יהודים YEHUDIM in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM.

  23. The יפו YAFO riots began with attacks upon residents and institutions of יהודים YEHUDIM.

  24. Attackers entered בית העולים BEIT HAʾOLIM during the יפו YAFO riots.

  25. Arab rioters attacked יהודים YEHUDIM in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM; massacres elsewhere followed.

  26. A demonstration by יהודים YEHUDIM at הכותל HAʾKOTEL preceded the escalation into the 1929 riots.

  27. رضا RIḌĀ's Thawrat Filasṭīn joined collective accusations against יהודים YEHUDIM to sacred history, conspiracy and opposition to English rule.

  28. Muslim representatives asserted ownership claims before the international הכותל HAʾKOTEL commission.

  29. رضا RIḌĀ classified assistance to land acquisition by יהודים YEHUDIM as treason and war against Muslims.

  30. al-Difaʿ published a fatwa declaring Muslims who sold land to יהודים YEHUDIM for enrichment, rather than to escape starvation, unbelievers.

  31. Muslim scholars prescribed religious and social exclusion for knowing participants in land sales to יהודים YEHUDIM.

  32. An al-Aqsa association's pamphlet urged pilgrims to oppose land sales and alleged plans by יהודים YEHUDIM to seize הר הבית HAR HAʾBAYIT.

  33. رضا RIḌĀ's published lecture predicted war and cast ציונות ẒIYONUT as an apocalyptic threat.

  34. رضا RIḌĀ demanded a total social boycott of persistent sellers of land to יהודים YEHUDIM or the English.

  35. A general strike and armed revolt sought to halt immigration, land acquisition and sovereignty by יהודים YEHUDIM.

  36. The Gestapo ordered coordinated enforcement of the Staatszionistische Organisation's dissolution through occupation of premises, confiscation, searches and interrogations.

  37. محمد أمين الحسيني MOHAMED AMIN AL-ḤUSAYNI sought Hitler's support against the national home of יהודים YEHUDIM; Hitler promised their destruction upon a future German advance.

  38. Nazi Germany, with Fascist Italy's agreement, promised support for destroying that national home.

  39. محمد أمين الحسيني MOHAMED AMIN AL-ḤUSAYNI urged Bulgaria to block the rescue of children who were יהודים YEHUDIM to ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL.

  40. محمد أمين الحسيني MOHAMED AMIN AL-ḤUSAYNI urged Romania to block the same route of rescue.

  41. Radio Berlin denounced Arab cooperation with יהודים YEHUDIM as betrayal.

  42. The Russian Empire ordered police to suppress public Zionist organization, propaganda, travel, fundraising, education and influence over communal leadership.

  43. The Republic of Iraq criminalized acclaiming or promoting Zionist principles, institutional affiliation, assistance and work toward Zionist aims.

  44. The Islamic Republic of Iran adopted a sixteen-article statute combining criminal penalties with diplomatic, cultural, technological and intelligence duties directed against ציונות ẒIYONUT and מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL.

  45. Mehr published enforcement categories for criminalizing ציונות ẒIYONUT that included favorable online content and failure to report specified conduct.

  46. Arab forces besieged הרובע היהודי HAʾROVA HAʾYEHUDI in the Old City.

  47. Arab forces massacred the הדסה HADASSAH medical convoy.

  48. Arab forces massacred the defenders of כפר עציון KFAR EẒʾYON.

  49. The remaining communities of גוש עציון GUŜ EẐION were destroyed or evacuated.

  50. Arab states invaded to destroy מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL.

  51. The final capture of הרובע היהודי HAʾROVA HAʾYEHUDI began.

  52. Jordanian forces emptied הרובע היהודי HAʾROVA HAʾYEHUDI of its community, removing civilians and taking men of military age prisoner.

  53. The Kingdom of Jordan's nationality law explicitly excluded יהודים YEHUDIM from the automatic nationality category for qualifying former Palestinian nationals.

  54. The Kingdom of Jordan reiterated that other than Jews was a required condition for that nationality category.

  55. מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL liberated העיר העתיקה HAʾIR HAʾATIKA, ending nineteen years of Jordanian exclusion of יהודים YEHUDIM.

  56. The founding PLO Charter offered conditional individual civil status to some יהודים YEHUDIM, but the PLO built no family-level system for granting or transmitting that status.

  57. The PLO prescribed armed struggle and denied both the nationhood of יהודים YEHUDIM and the legitimacy of מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL.

  58. ערפאת ARAFAT invoked the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah when defending Oslo before a Muslim audience.

  59. حماس ḤAMĀS made permanent Muslim ownership, jihad and an apocalyptic tradition of killing יהודים YEHUDIM part of its covenant.

  60. حماس ḤAMĀS accepted a state along prewar 1967 lines as a common platform, while rejecting recognition of מדינת ישראל MEDINAT YISRAʾEL or relinquishment of its claim to all ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL.

  61. حماس ḤAMĀS published its justification of the October 7 attack, denying deliberate attacks on civilians.

  62. Muslim jurists in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM submitted a ruling asserting exclusive Muslim ownership of sacred sites while allowing only limited worship rights to יהודים YEHUDIM.

  63. A source compilation dates statements by Egypt's former mufti, the mufti of ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM and other jurists denying ownership claims by יהודים YEHUDIM at הכותל HAʾKOTEL.

  64. The mufti of ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM extended the claimed sanctity of al-Aqsa Mosque to surrounding buildings and prohibited their conversion into a synagogue.

  65. UN General Assembly Resolution 3379 classified ציונות ẒIYONUT itself as racism.

  66. Foreign ministers of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference rejected sovereignty by יהודים YEHUDIM in ירושלים YERUŜALAYIM.

  67. The International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS) published a prediction of killing and replacing יהודים YEHUDIM in ארץ ישראל EREẒ YISRAʾEL, followed by apocalyptic extermination.

  68. An IUMS member's essay portrayed ציונות ẒIYONUT as a global conspiracy and demanded boycott and jihad.