ثورة فلسطين - أسبابها ونتائجها
The Palestine Revolt: Its Causes and Consequences

Page 453

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Printed page 453

تنازع الأقوياء مع الضعفاء كانوا مع الأولين على الآخرين، بل أقول: إنهم لا يحترمون ولا يخافون ولا يرجون إلا القوة، ولا يستحيون من وصف الشرقيين عامة والعرب خاصة بهذه الصفة، ولعمري إنها عامة في البشر؛ ولكنها في الغربيين أقوى وأظهر، وأعم وأشمل، لاستحواذ الأفكار المادية عليهم، وانحلال عرى الملكات الأدبية من قلوبهم، حتى إن أحد كتاب فرنسة طعن في الجيوش المغربية الإسلامية التي استبسلت في الدفاع عن وطنه وقومه بأن الدافع لهم إلى ذلك حب الشهرة بالشجاعة والنجدة، لا الإخلاص لدولته في الطاعة والمحبة، فالأوربيون يحتقرون الشرقيين ويسخرون منهم، كلما رأوا أثرًا من آثار السلطة الأدبية في أعمالهم.

ولقد شهد فيلسوف الإنكليز ومفخرهم، بل شيخ فلاسفة أوربة كلها في علوم الأخلاق والاجتماع بأن الأفكار المادية التي ظهرت أولاً في الشعب اللاتيني فأفسدت أخلاقه قد دب دبيبها إلى الشعب الإنكليزي، فطفقت تفتك بأخلاقه، فهي تعدو في سيرها فيه المرطى، وتنهزم من طريقها الفضيلة فترجع القهقرى، حرب ساحقة ليعلم أيها الأقوى ليسود العالم، وقد وقعت هذه الحرب من بعده، وكان فتكها بأخلاق الشعوب وفضائلها، أضعاف فتكها بجحافل جيوشها وفصائلها، وصياصيها ومعاقلها، وأساطيلها الحربية والتجارية، بل سرت عدوى هذا الفساد إلى جميع الأمم في سائر البلاد.

كان لكل من إنكلترة وفرنسة اسم سمي ومقام علي في العالم بما نبغ في بلادهما من العلماء والأدباء والشعراء والمخترعين والفنيين، وبما كانتا تبثان من الدعاية لأنفسهما في برقيات شركاتهما وصحفهما وكتبهما، وألسنة من يتربى ويتعلم في مدارسهما، وكذا ألسنة من يستميلون ويصطنعون في البلاد المختلفة وأقلامهم، وقد كان من الإفراط والغلو في هذه الدعاية في مدة الحرب على طولها ما أعقب رد الفعل على مدى أطول وسوء تأثير أعرض وأعمق.

كانوا يذيعون في كل يوم أن الدولة الألمانية دولة عسكرية قاسية القلب،

English
translation

the strong dispute with the weak, they side with the former against the latter. Indeed, they respect, fear, and hope for nothing but power. They do not hesitate to describe Eastern peoples generally, and Arabs especially, this way. By my life, this trait is common to humanity, but it is stronger, clearer, and more widespread among Westerners because material ideas have seized them and moral qualities have loosened their hold on their hearts. A French writer even attacked the Muslim Moroccan troops who fought bravely for his country and people, saying that love of a reputation for courage and gallantry, rather than sincere obedience and love for his state, drove them. Europeans scorn and mock Eastern peoples whenever they see moral authority at work in their actions.

The English philosopher who is their pride, indeed the leading philosopher of all Europe in ethics and social studies, testified that material ideas first appeared among the Latin peoples and corrupted their morals, then crept into the English people and began to destroy theirs. These ideas race forward while virtue retreats before them. It is a crushing war to decide which will rule the world. That war came after his time. Its destruction of peoples' morals and virtues was many times greater than its destruction of their massed armies and formations, citadels and fortresses, and military and commercial fleets. The contagion of this corruption spread to peoples in every land.

England and France each held a great name and high standing in the world through their scholars, writers, poets, inventors, and artists, and through the publicity they spread for themselves in their agencies' cables, newspapers, books, the speech of those educated in their schools, and the words and pens of people they won over in other lands. Their excessive wartime propaganda lasted so long that it produced an even longer reaction and wider, deeper harm.

Every day they proclaimed that the German state was militaristic, hard-hearted,

Analysis

Riḍā argues that the English side with the strong and connects this to what he calls Western materialism. The English philosopher is very likely Herbert Spencer. In his Qur'an commentary, Riḍā names Spencer as the leading European social philosopher and attributes to him a warning about the spread of material ideas, said to Muḥammad ʿAbduh when they met in England. Ammeke Kateman confirms that ʿAbduh, Spencer, and Wilfrid Scawen Blunt met at Spencer's Brighton home in 1903 and shows that later accounts, including Riḍā's, creatively retold the encounter. These parallels support the identification but do not verify the exact wording on this page as Spencer's speech. No original English passage has been located.

The French writer remains unidentified. Riḍā then says wartime propaganda harmed the standing of England and France. The page is evidence of his explanation of imperial conduct, not verification of the unnamed French attribution or a measure of public opinion. His description of Allied claims about Germany continues on p. 454.

Independent scholarship confirms the factual setting behind the unnamed comment about Moroccan soldiers. France had sent about 23,000 Moroccan troops to Europe by 1917. The French high command valued Moroccan units highly, and a Moroccan regiment became the most decorated unit in the French army. This supports Riḍā's statement that Moroccan troops fought with distinction for France. It does not identify the French writer, recover the reported wording, or establish the soldiers' personal motives.